Dr Vibha Dhawan’s association with TERI dates back to 1985. Her interests also rest in environment and sustainability research and she was instrumental in establishing the highly successful Micropropagation Technology Park at TERI. Her other major achievements include developing e-contents for the post-graduate programme in biotechnology for the University Grants Commission.
In this interview with IE, she highlights the need for industry to innovate, government to regulate and incentivise while customers being more aware in making sustainable choices.
IE: Cooling systems have contributed to global warming but the sector is also projected to reach USD 29,282.7 million by 2030. In such a cyclic scenario, how can India manage the growing demand?
Dr VD: Addressing the escalating demand for cooling in India necessitates a strategic and sustainable approach. Focussing on implementation of energy-efficient technologies and promoting the use of eco-friendly refrigerants to minimise the environmental impact of cooling systems must be considered. Setting and enforcing stringent regulations for HVAC practices can also encourage the adoption of sustainable solutions. Additionally, investing in research and development for innovative, low-carbon technologies can contribute to a greener cooling infrastructure. Public awareness campaigns about responsible cooling practices and incentivising the use of renewable energy sources can further aid in managing the growing demand while mitigating the associated environmental consequences.
IE: What is the efficiency of the current systems in the market? How can this be improved?
VD: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency made the star and labelling programme mandatory in 2012. Under this, for room air energy conditioners (RACs), energy efficiency labels are represented as star ratings, ranging from 1- to 5, with 5-star indicating the highest level of efficiency. Split-type RAC systems have achieved an energy efficiency improvement of 43 per cent in the 1-star category and 61 per cent in the 5-star category, while window-type RACs systems have achieved 17 per cent in the 1-star category and 13 per cent in the 5-star category. Generally, split ACs tend to be more power-efficient than window ACs due to their advanced technology.
The improvements in the efficiency of the equipment are chiefly driven by the collaborative efforts of industry, government and the proactive choices of consumers. Market plays a pivotal role in developing cutting-edge technologies, governments set energy efficiency standards, and incentivise compliance. Customers play an important role, especially related to regular maintenance and servicing. Timely maintenance not only prolongs the life cycle of equipment but also ensures the safety and prevention of leakages of refrigerants into the atmosphere.
IE: What steps can the government take related to energy efficiency standards?
VD: The government should establish and regularly update stringent energy efficiency standards tailored to the country’s diverse climatic conditions and usage patterns. Implementing mandatory labelling and certification programs for HVAC equipment would empower consumers with information about energy performance. Financial incentives, such as tax credits or rebates for adoption of high-efficiency HVAC technologies can stimulate market demand. The government should also invest in research and development initiatives to encourage the innovation of energy-efficient technologies specific to India’s needs.
IE: Are there any existing government policies or incentives to promote low-emission technologies?
VD: The government is working proactively through policies and schemes such as the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) that outlines four initiatives aimed at improving energy efficiency in energy-intensive industries:
- The Perform Achieve and Trade Scheme (PAT) is a market-based mechanism designed to enhance cost-effectiveness by certifying energy savings in energy-intensive industries, facilitating trade of these savings.
- The Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency (MTEE) aims to expedite the transition to energy-efficient appliances in designated sectors through better affordability and accessibility of products. Within MTEE, Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY), is a public-private partnership program comprising BEE, Distribution Companies (DISCOMs) and private investors to accelerate market transformation in energy-efficient lighting.
- Another component in MTEE is the Super-Efficient Equipment Programme (SEEP) that helps to expedite the market transformation for highly efficient appliances by introducing innovative financial incentives at crucial points of intervention.
- The Energy Efficiency Financing Platform (EEFP) focuses on establishing mechanisms to finance demand-side management programmes across all sectors.
- The Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development (FEEED) aims to create fiscal instruments contributing to the sustainable development of the economy.
Also, the government through The National Energy Conservation Awards commends innovation and accomplishments in energy conservation and this amplifies awareness.
IE: What are the challenges faced by the HVAC industry in India, in transitioning to lower-emission technologies?
VD: Primarily, the high upfront costs associated with adopting energy-efficient systems and environmentally friendly refrigerants pose a financial barrier for both businesses and consumers. Limited awareness about the environmental impact and the advantages of greener alternatives further impedes widespread adoption. The readiness and availability of mature low-emission technologies suitable for India’s diverse climatic conditions also present a hurdle. Insufficiently skilled personnel, inadequate regulatory frameworks and the need for infrastructure adjustments contribute to the complexity of this transition. Convincing consumers to prioritise lower-emission options and ensuring a stable supply chain add additional challenges.
IE: What are the emerging trends and innovations in the HVAC industry?
VD: The industry is witnessing a dynamic shift that prioritises energy efficiency, sustainability and smart technologies. One notable trend is the increase in adoption of smart HVAC systems that leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning for predictive maintenance and personalised climate control. Another significant innovation is the development of eco-friendly refrigerants, addressing environmental concerns associated with traditional systems. Integrated building management systems, incorporating HVAC controls, lighting and security, are gaining prominence for enhanced efficiency. The rise of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems allows for more precise temperature control and reduced energy consumption. Also, the industry is exploring the potential of geothermal and solar-powered HVAC solutions, contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.
IE: India stands at a unique position to demonstrate that growth and emission can be balanced. How can this be realised?
VD: Presently, India is a leader in the net zero revolution, adopting sustainable growth as its guiding principle. India’s remarkable economic growth, rising from the 13th to the fifth largest, reflects ambitious objectives for sustainable development. To achieve this equilibrium, the implementation of robust policy measures is essential. Investing in renewable energy sources and promoting energy efficiency across industries will be pivotal. The adoption of cleaner technologies, especially in sectors contributing significantly to emissions, needs to be incentivised. Strengthening and enforcing environmental regulations, particularly in high-impact industries, will play a crucial role.
The synergy between local and national governance is pivotal for the successful implementation of policies. Crafting and enacting inclusive policies that harmonise economic prosperity with environmental responsibility not only showcases India’s dedication to a well-rounded and sustainable future but also position the nation as a global frontrunner, setting an example for global counterparts.
